Uranus:
Seventh major planet from the Sun, and third largest it w«s discovered in 1781 by the English astronomer William Herschel during a telescopic survey of the sky Uranus is almost 15 times as massive as the Earth, and its volume exceeds that of the latter by more than 50 times. It carries 15 satellites. It is only dimly visible to the naked eye, and it is not surprising that it was overlooked until Herschel's discovery, The planet is classed as a giant with a diameter of 52,400 km but this is less than half that of Saturn. Its outer layers, at least, are gaseous and the surface temperature is extremely low. When seen through a telescope, Uranus shows a decidedly greenish disk; bright and dark zones may be made out with difficulty.
Uranus has a mean distance from the Sun of 2,869.6 million km
and a revolution period of 84 years. The axial rotation period is about 11 hours. The axial tilt is very strange: it amounts to 98 degrees which is more than a right angle making it rotate on its
sides. Therefore, from Earth Uranus is sometimes seen pole-on and sometimes with the equator crossing the centre of the disk.
The 1986 Voyager 2 flyby confirmed earlier Earth-based observations and inferences about Uranus, but it also provided startling new information. The greatest surprise perhaps was the planet's strong magnetic field, tipped at 60 degrees to the geographic poles. Voyager also found 11 dark compact rings around the planet rather than the 9 predicted. The 1986 probe also unveiled the cracked and crated surface details of the 5 known major moons and discovered 10 * new smaller moons, two of which were found to be "shephards", i.e., they act to limit the extent of Uranus's outermost ring. Voyager 2 observations also led revised thinking about the inner structure of the planer Astronomers now believe that below the obscuring have layer of methane, acetylene, and ethane ties a superdense atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, water, ammonia, and methane. The atmospheric layer extends all the way to a rocky core, with no liquid or solid
mantle in between.

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